原料介紹|芫荽 (Coriander)

芫荽

芫荽 Coriander


拉丁學名|Coriandrum sativum
主要產地|印度
原料分類|香料系列
原料規格|500g-25kg 詳情請洽業務
萃取部位|種子
萃取方式|蒸餾
植物科別|傘形科
植物氣味|帶有香甜、木質調的特殊氣味

▎精油簡介

芫荽Coriander又名胡荽,一般認為是由阿拉伯傳入中國,所以才稱作“胡荽”,在台灣俗名為“香菜”,其學名則源自拉丁語中,意味著椿象的koris,是一種草長50-90cm的耐寒性1年生草本植物,有細緻鮮豔的葉片,芫荽是整個歐洲與中東地區經常使用的香草,目前在世界各地均有種植。

葉片和種子含有芳香成分,芫荽葉是台灣料理不可或缺的香料之一,能夠去除肉類的腥羶味,增添風味。精油是萃取自完全成熟、乾燥的種子,而香菜的果實稱之為芫荽籽( Coriander Seeds),圓圓像蛋,直徑約3-5mm,被研究出在果實的成熟每一階段,所含的化學成分及比例都不同,成熟後的果實,取下曬乾後變淺褐色,在未曬乾前,可以將香菜籽萃取提煉出精油,即Coriander seeds essential oil,味道和原種子味道幾乎相近,香菜籽精油呈現無色透明至淡黃色。

雖然尚未成熟的果實具有和葉片相同的特殊香氣,但完全成熟後會轉變為辛辣清爽的香氣,在香水工業上,香菜籽精油由於優異的定香功能,以及可以與各種香氣完美融合,尤其可以提供一種特別男性的陽剛氣味,因此經常被用於調香之中。

▎成分解析

|主要成分:單萜類

芫荽精油的化學組成會因植物來源和種子成熟度而有所不同。其中含量較高的是沉香醇(右旋沉香醇或稱為芫荽醇coriander),約60-87%,其次是單萜烯類(蒎烯、萜品烯等微量成分)。

|研究認證

▸ Machendra 和Bisht在2011年研究香菜籽精油和香菜的水醇萃取物(以含水的酒精萃取),舒緩焦慮的效果,實驗證實了前人(2005年Emamghoreishi等人)的研究結果。

|原料認證

▎參考文獻

  1. Acevedo-Rodríguez P, Strong MT, 2012. Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, no. 98. Washington DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 1192 pp.
  2. Britton NL, Wilson P, 1923-1926. Botany of Porto Rico and Virgin Islands. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and Virgin Islands. New York, USA: New York Academy of Sciences.
  3. Diederichsen A, Rugayah, 1999. Coriandrum sativum L. In: Guzman CC de, Siemonsma JS, Eds. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) No. 13: Spices. Backhuys Publisher, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 104-108.
  4. Flora Mesoamericana, 2015. Flora Mesoamericana. Tropicos website St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria.
  5. Ravindran, PN, 2017. Encyclopedia of herbs and spices. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
  6. T.Eguale. G.Tilahun. A.Debella. A.Feleke. E.Makonnen. In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of crude extracts of Coriandrum sativum against Haemonchus contortus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology。 April 2007, Pages 428-433
  7. Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan. Khaled Mohamed M. Wahdan. Blending of corn oil with black cumin (Nigella sativa) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) seed oils: Impact on functionality, stability and radical scueing .iv. , 15 May 2012, Pages 873-879
  8. Lucia Caputo et al. Coriandrum sativum and Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oils: Chemical Composition and Activity on Central Nervous System. Journals. IJMS. Volume 17. Issue 12. 10.3390/ijms17121999
  9. Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan, Mohamed Mostafa Afify Amer & Ahmed El-Said Awad. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seed oil improves plasma lipid profile in rats fed a diet containing cholesterol. European Research and volume 2008)
  10. Vasudevan Mani 1* & Milind Parle.MEMORY-ENHANCING ACTIVITY OF CORIANDRUM SATIVUM IN RATS Pharmacologyonline 2: 827-839 (2009)
  11. Anti-anxiety activity of Coriandrum sativum assessed using different experimental anxiety models. September 2011. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 43(5):574-7
  12. Nutritional and medicinal aspects of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) A review May 2013. British Food Journal 115(5):743-755.

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