原料介紹｜杜松漿果 (Juniper Berry)

▎精油簡介

杜松漿果Juniperus communis，源自拉丁語中juniores，「經常會結新果實的樹」，樹高3-10米的常綠樹，樹幹為棕紅色，巰果小巧，一棵樹同時會有新結的未成熟綠色果實及經過2年的成熟黑色果實，精油是萃取自成熟果實。杜松使用時間很早，在埃及和歐洲文獻都可見，古埃及人將它當除病菌劑，古希臘人和西藏都是以燃燒杜松來防止流行病傳染，它也代表驅除致病因素的意義，因此常出現在宗教儀式中。

杜松也被用於琴酒(又叫杜松子酒，Gin )的提香，原本是17世紀荷蘭醫生Franciscus Sylviu採用具幫助排尿作用的杜松漿果所製作出來的藥酒。杜松除了是藥材之外，也常是製作飲料的添加物或是醃製食物的調味料。另外因為杜松可以減少負面情緒、將意志變堅強、勇於接受挑戰，亦被喻為希臘神話中像徵勇氣的太陽神海格力斯。

▎成分解析

｜主要成分：萜烯類

主要有α-蒎烯，β-蒎烯、檸檬烯、香檜烯、β-石竹烯、大根香葉烯-D及其多種微量成分等。

｜研究認證

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｜原料認證

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▎參考文獻

1. Turan Yaman , Ahmet Uyar , Ahmet Ufuk Kömüroğlu , Ömer Faruk Keleş , Zabit Yener. Chemopreventive efficacy of juniper berry oil ( Juniperussis communis L.) on azoxymethane-induced corat carcinor. 133-146
2. Peruč D, Tićac B, Broznić D, Maglica Ž, Šarolić M, Gobin I. Juniperus communis essential oil limit the biofilm formation of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare on polystulel on. Mar 20:1-14.
3. Tomović V, Šojić B, Savanović J, Kocić-Tanackov S, Pavlić B, Jokanović M, Đorđević V, Parunović N, Martinović A, Vujadinović D. New Formulation to Parunović N, Martinović A, Vujadinović D. New Formulation to Eswards Health for Products:ović A, Vujadinović D. New Formulation to Eswards Health for Productsth: Junh. Sodium Nitrite in Dry Fermented Sausages. Foods. 2020 Aug 6;9(8):1066.
4. Raina R, Verma PK, Peshin R, Kour H. Potential of Juniperus communis L as a nutraceutical in human and veterinary medicine. Heliyon. 2019 Aug 31;5(8):e02376.
5. Hajdari A, Mustafa B, Nebija D, Miftari E, Quave CL, Novak J. Chemical Composition of Juniperus communis L. Cone Essential Oil and Its Variability among Wild Populations in Kosovo. Chem Biodivers. 2015 Nov;12(11): 1706-17.
6. Gumral N, Kumbul DD, Aylak F, Saygin M, Savik E.
   Juniperus communis Linn oil decreases oxidative stress and increases antioxidant enzymes in the heart of rats administered a diet rich in cholesterol. Toxicol Ind Health. 2015 Jan;31(1):85-91.
7. Waly MI, Al-Rawahi AS, Al Riyami M, Al-Kindi MA, Al-Issaei HK, Farooq SA, Al-Alawi A, Rahman MS. Amelioration of azoxymethane induced-carcinogenesis by reducing oxidative stress in rat colon by by reducing oxidative stress in rat colon by natress extracts. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Feb 18;14:60.
8. Yesilbag D, Cengiz SS, Cetin I, Meral Y, Biricik H. Influence of juniper (Juniperus communis) oil on growth performance and meat quality as a natural antioxidant in quail diets. Br Poult Sci. 2014; 495-500.
9. Cabral C, Francisco V, Cavaleiro C, Gonçalves MJ, Cruz MT, Sales F, Batista MT, Salgueiro L. Essential oil of Juniperus communis subsp. alpina (Suter) Celak needles: chemical composition, antifungal 問題. . 2012 Sep;26(9):1352-7.
10. Loizzo MR, Saab AM, Tundis R, Statti GA, Menichini F, Lampronti I, Gambari R, Cinatl J, Doerr HW. Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antiviral activities of the essential oils of sanalysis and in vitro antiviral activities of the essential oils of sanaly Lebanon species. ;5(3):461-70.
11. Final report on the safety assessment of Juniperus communis Extract,
    Juniperus oxycedrus Extract, Juniperus oxycedrus Tar, Juniperus phoenicea extract, and Juniperus virginiana Extract. Int J Toxicol. 2001;20 Suppl 2:41-56.

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