原料介紹｜甜樺樹 (Birch sweet)

▎精油簡介

甜樺樹（Betula lenta）又稱「樺木」，也稱為「黑樺樹」、「櫻桃樺樹」、「桃花心木樺樹」或「香料樺樹」，相較其他樺木，是較為矮小的樹種，有明亮的綠葉與深紅棕色的芳香樹皮。具甜美的木質香氣，類似白珠樹的味道，主要化學成分含有水楊酸甲酯，是阿司匹靈的主要成分之一。

甜樺木精油是從該樹木的樹皮中蒸汽蒸餾而來，在蒸餾前必須將樹皮浸軟、浸濕至12個小時，這種精油具有香甜的、刺鼻的、薄荷的、新鮮的、樟腦香氣。目前樺木精油品質較好的產區為美國。

▎成分解析

｜主要成分：酯類

透過水蒸餾獲得的天然甜樺木精油中鑑定出60 多種化合物。油主要是水楊酸甲酯(93.24-99.84%)，次要成分o-癒創木酚、藜蘆醇、2- E -4- Z -癸二醛和2- E -4- E -癸二醛被確定為正宗甜樺木油的天然基本化合物。

｜研究認證

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｜原料認證

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▎參考文獻

1. Dosoky NS, et al. Authentication and Market Survey of Sweet Birch (Betula lenta L.) Essential Oil. Plants (Basel). 2022. Aug 16;11(16):2132.
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3. Yeoh SC, et al. Topical delivery of salicylates. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2022. May;12(5):981-1001.
4. Singewar K, et al. Transcriptome analysis of North American sweet birch (Betula lenta) revealed a higher expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites than European silver birch (B. Plant pendula). J. J Plant.201. 134(6):1253-1264.
5. Liu H, et al. Nondestructive Sampling for Spotted Lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) Egg Masses in Woodlands Based on Fixed-Radius Plots. J Econ Entomol. 2021. Jun 11;114(3):1353-1361.
6. Wheeler KI, et al. Visible and near-infrared hyperspectral indices explain more variation in lower-crown leaf nitrogen concentrations in autumn than in summer. Oecologia. 2020. Jan;192(1):13-27.
7. Singewar K, et al. Identification and analysis of key genes involved in methyl salicylate biosynthesis in different birch species. PLoS One. 2020. Oct 8;15(10):e0240246.
8. Ignace DD. Determinants of temperature sensitivity of soil respiration with the decline of a foundation species. PLoS One. 2019. Oct 17;14(10):e0223566.
9. Gewirtzman J, et al. Soil Warming Accelerates Biogeochemical Silica Cycling in a Temperate Forest. Front Plant Sci. 2019. Sep 11;10:1097.
10. Boyd A, et al. Herbal medicinal products or preparations for neuropathic pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019. Apr 2;4(4):CD010528.
11. Rodgers VL, et al. Warming increases the sensitivity of seedling growth capacity to rainfall in six temperate deciduous tree species. AoB Plants. 2018. Jan 17;10(1):ply003.
12. Falxa-Raymond N, et al. Oak loss increases foliar nitrogen, δ(15)N and growth rates of Betula lenta in a northern temperate deciduous forest. Tree Physiol. 2012. Sep;32(9):1092-101.
13. Daley MJ, et al. Hydraulic responses to environmental perturbations in Tsuga canadensis and Betula lenta. Tree Physiol. 2008. Sep;28(9):1341-8.

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